MODULATORS :: APPLICATIONS :: Polarization Modulation in Scattering Media

The purpose of this application is to use phase modulated light to see an object clearly through a surrounding turbid media.  The photoelastic modulator is used to to detect nearly instantaneously the difference in scattering of two orthogonal states of linear or circular polarization.

AN EXAMPLE OF ONE TYPICAL SETUP

Light from the laser passes a chopper and polarizer and the PEM; it is then scattered by both the turbid medium and embedded target of the sample. The scattered light is synchronously detected by a photomultiplier and lock-in amplifiers. If the linear or circular intensity difference (LID or CID) of light
returned by the embedded object differs from that scattered by the surrounding turbid medium, then scanning a light source across the sample will yield an intensity profile that varies in correspondence with structural features of the target.

RESOURCES

PEM Newsletter #7:  Seeing Through Foggy Media with Phase-Modulated Light

PEM Setting:  J₀(0) = 0
Lock-in Reference:  PEM 1^st and 2^nd Harmonic

TYPICAL HEAD ASSEMBLIES
I/FS50

APPLICATIONS
Non-invasive Detection of Subcutaneous Malignancies, Remote Monitoring of Soil Conditions, Health of Arboreal Canopies, Visual Penetration of Clouds, Aerosols, Seawater, Skin, and Blood

ADDITIONAL READING
 M. P. Silverman and Wayne Strange, “Light Scattering from Optically Active and Inactive Turbid Media,” Optics and Imaging in the Information Age (Society for Imaging Science and Technology, Springfield VA, 1996) 173-180.

M. P. Silverman and Wayne Strange, “Object Delineation within Turbid Media by Backscattering of Phase-Modulated Light,” Optics Communications 144 (1997) 7-11.
 
M. P. Silverman, Waves and Grains: Reflections on Light and Learning (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton NJ, 1998) . 

M. P. Silverman, J. Badoz, and B. Briat, “Chiral Reflection from a Naturally Optically Active Medium,” Optics Letters 17 (1992) 886-888. 

 M. P. Silverman, W. Strange, J. Badoz, and I. A. Vitkin, “Enhanced Optical Rotation and Diminished Depolarization in Diffusive Scattering from a Chiral Liquid,” Optics Communications 132 (1996) 410-416.