MODULATORS :: APPLICATIONS :: Vibrational Linear Dichroism (VLD)

Vibrational linear dichroism (VLD) is the differential absorption between two orthogonal, linearly polarized light (A = A|| – A ). It is a measurement of the regularity of molecular orientations in a bulk sample.


SETUP





PEM Setting: half-wave retardation (/2)

Polarization Modulation: bottom || and linear polarization

Lock-in reference: PEM’s 2nd harmonic (2f)

RESOURCES

Linear and Circular Dichroism Application Note

APPLICATIONS
Structural study and characterization for polymers; single crystals; liquid crystals; biochemical systems


TYPICAL HEAD ASSEMBLIES 
II/ZS37
II/CF57

FURTHER READING
L. A. Nafie and M. Diem, Appl. Spectrsc. 33, 130 (1979).

C. Marcott, Appl. Spectrsc. 38 , 442 (1984).

L. A. Nafie, in Advances in Applied Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, ed. M. W. Mackenzie, (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1988) p67
.
T. Buffeteau and M. Pezolet, Appl. Spectrsc. 50, 948 (1996).