This technology section describes the principles of operation, and modes and spectral ranges of our photoelastic modulators. The Principles of Operation section describes the effects of compression and extension and how quarter-wave and half-wave retardation are achieved. We have included several animated illustrations in this section that will help you visualize our unique technology. Modes of Operation describes how the PEM may be applied as either a modulator or an analyzer of light. A summary of Unique Features allows easy comparison of PEM technology with that of Pockels cells, electro-optic modulators, and other types of polarization modulation devices.
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