MODULATORS :: Literature

The Photoelastic Modulator components are available in a variety of models to suit your specific needs.

The following product literature is available for download.  Please contact Hinds Instruments if you have any questions regarding these products or have a custom configuration.

DATA BULLETINS
PEM 100 Technical Overview
PEM Optical Head Assemblies
PEM 100 Controller
Detector DET-100
Detector APD-100
Signal Conditioning Unit 
High Speed Optical Chopper

APPLICATION NOTES
Linear and Circular Dichroism
Low-Level Linear Birefringence
Optical Rotation
Stokes Polarimetry
Dual PEM Systems for Polarimetry
Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Intensity Modulation Using a Photoelastic Modulator
PEMs in Ellipsometry
Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect


TECHNICAL NOTES
Selecting a PEM Optical Head
Useful Aperture of PEMs
Polarized Light and its Interaction with Modulating Devices, J.C. Kemp
Determining the Ratio of Iac/Iavg
Calculating Psi and Delta Using a PEM
Light Intensity Modulation Using a PEM
Using a Mechanical Chopper with a PEM to Measure Vdc


NEWSLETTERS
Newsletter #1  – Solar Imaging Stokes Polarimetry
Newsletter #2  – Simultaneous MCD & Double Beam Absorption Spectra
Newsletter #3  – Chopping a Light Beam
Newsletter #4  – Rapid Scan Polarization-modulated Fourier-transform Infra-red
                          Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy
Newsletter #5  – PEM-based Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Newsletter #6  – Measuring Fiber Orientation Anisotropy in Paper Using Infrared 
                         Ellipsometry
Newsletter #7  – Seeing Through Foggy Media with Phase-Modulated Light
Newsletter #8  – Modulated Interference Effects in Photoelastic Modulators
Newsletter #9  – Sensitivity to Atomic Monolayers with PEM-based Reflectance 
                         Anisotropy Sensors
Newsletter #10 – Magnetism in a New Light
Newsletter #11 – A PEM-based Stokes Polarimeter for Tokamak Plasma
                          Diagnostics